The objective is a tall order. The quantum-resistant cryptographic data needed to transparently publish TLS certificates is roughly 40 times bigger than the classical cryptographic material used today. Today’s X.509 certificates are about 64 bytes in size, and comprise six elliptic curve signatures and two EC public keys. This material can be cracked through the quantum-enabled Shor’s algorithm. Certificates containing the equivalent quantum-resistant cryptographic material are roughly 2.5 kilobytes. All this data must be transmitted when a browser connects to a site.
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第三十条 有下列行为之一的，处五日以上十日以下拘留或者一千元以下罚款；情节较重的，处十日以上十五日以下拘留，可以并处二千元以下罚款：，这一点在91视频中也有详细论述
Publication date: 10 March 2026
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